Cancer of Esophagus

➦ Risk Factors:-

1. Gender (male)
2. Race (African American)
3. Age (greater risk in fifth decade of life)
4. Geographic locale (much higher incidence in China and northern Iran)
5. Chronic esophageal irritation
6. Use of alcohol and tobacco
7. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
8. Chronic ingestion of hot liquids or foods
9. nutritional deficiencies poor oral hygiene
10. exposure to nitrosamines(Organic chemical compound) in the environment or food

➦ Clinical Manifestations:-

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Dysphagia (Difficult or uncomfortable in swallowing)
• Feeling of a lump in the throat and painful swallowing
• Substernal pain or fullness regurgitation of undigested
• food with foul breath and hiccups later
• Hemorrhage
• progressive loss of weight and strength

➦ Diagnostic Evaluation:-

• History Collection
• Physical Examination
• Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
• CT
• PET
• Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS),
• Exploratory laparoscopy
• Biopsy

➦ Management:-

    ➤ Medical:-

There is no fixed curative medical management of cancer. Treatment of oesophagal cancer is directed toward a cure if the cancer is in the early stage.

    ➤ Surgical:-

Esophagectomy- Removal of esophagus

    ➤ Other Therapy:-

Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy

➦ Nursing Management:-

1) Advice to avoid spicy food
2) Give more fluid to the Humidifier.
3) Provide medications as per doctor’s order
4) Check temperature, monitor vital signs
5) Check lab result

➦ Prevention:-

1. Stop smoking
2. Stop Alcohol Taking
3. Maintain Proper oral hygiene